free will - определение. Что такое free will
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Что (кто) такое free will - определение

ABILITY OF AGENTS TO MAKE CHOICES FREE FROM CERTAIN KINDS OF EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS
Free Will; Freedom (philosophy); Freedom of will; Problem of free will; Liberum arbitrium; Free won't; Free Nature; Metaphysical freedom; Existence of free will; Free will problem; Freedom of the will; Freewill
  • Augustine's view of free will and predestination would go on to have a profound impact on Christian theology.
  • A biker performing a [[dirt jump]] that, according to some interpretations, is the result of free will.
  • [[Bas relief]] of Maimonides in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]]
  • [[René Descartes]]
  • taxonomy]] of philosophical positions regarding free will and determinism
  • Various definitions of free will that have been proposed for Metaphysical Libertarianism (agent/substance causal,<ref name=stanfordincompatibilismtheories/> centered accounts,<ref name="Kane2005" /> and efforts of will theory<ref name="RKane1" />), along with examples of other common free will positions (Compatibilism,<ref name="Velmans2002"/> Hard Determinism,<ref>Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach, ''System of Nature; or, the Laws of the Moral and Physical World'' (London, 1797), Vol. 1, p. 92</ref> and Hard Incompatibilism<ref name="Derk1"/>). Red circles represent mental states; blue circles represent physical states; arrows describe causal interaction.
  • [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] claimed that phenomena do not have freedom of the will, but the will as [[noumenon]] is not subordinate to the laws of necessity (causality) and is thus free.
  • Spinoza thought that there is no free will.
  • taxonomy]] of philosophical positions regarding free will and theological determinism<ref name="stanfordforeknowledge" />
  • [[Thomas Hobbes]] was a classical compatibilist.
  • determined]] completely by laws of physics.

free will         
1.
If you believe in free will, you believe that people have a choice in what they do and that their actions have not been decided in advance by God or by any other power.
...the free will of the individual.
N-UNCOUNT
2.
If you do something of your own free will, you do it by choice and not because you are forced to do it.
Would Bethany return of her own free will, as she had promised?
PHRASE: PHR after v
Free will         
·- A will free from improper coercion or restraint.
Free will         
Free will is the capacity of agents to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.

Википедия

Free will

Free will is the notional capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.

Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition. Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame. Whether free will exists, what it is and the implications of whether it exists or not are some of the longest running debates of philosophy and religion. Some conceive of free will as the ability to act beyond the limits of external influences or wishes.

Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices undetermined by past events. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, which is inconsistent with a libertarian model of free will. Ancient Greek philosophy identified this issue, which remains a major focus of philosophical debate. The view that conceives free will as incompatible with determinism is called incompatibilism and encompasses both metaphysical libertarianism (the claim that determinism is false and thus free will is at least possible) and hard determinism (the claim that determinism is true and thus free will is not possible). Incompatibilism also encompasses hard incompatibilism, which holds not only determinism but also indeterminism to be incompatible with free will and thus free will to be impossible whatever the case may be regarding determinism.

In contrast, compatibilists hold that free will is compatible with determinism. Some compatibilists even hold that determinism is necessary for free will, arguing that choice involves preference for one course of action over another, requiring a sense of how choices will turn out. Compatibilists thus consider the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will vs. determinism a false dilemma. Different compatibilists offer very different definitions of what "free will" means and consequently find different types of constraints to be relevant to the issue. Classical compatibilists considered free will nothing more than freedom of action, considering one free of will simply if, had one counterfactually wanted to do otherwise, one could have done otherwise without physical impediment. Contemporary compatibilists instead identify free will as a psychological capacity, such as to direct one's behavior in a way responsive to reason, and there are still further different conceptions of free will, each with their own concerns, sharing only the common feature of not finding the possibility of determinism a threat to the possibility of free will.

Примеры употребления для free will
1. He escaped twice, but returned of his own free will.
2. Regulations making all campuses smoke–free will also be welcome.
3. They have participated in marathon race on their free will.
4. "I created man and woman with free will and next to the promise of immortal life, free will is my greatest gift to you," according to the response, as read by Friend.
5. Talansky will not volunteer such information of his own free will.